Medicine
Medicine articles
Z-pack antibiotic azithromycin carries heart riskVanderbilt researchers have discovered a rare, but important risk posed by the antibiotic azithromycin, commonly called a "Z-pack." The study found a 2.5-fold higher risk of death from cardiovascular death in the first five days of taking azithromycin when compared with another common antibiotic or no antibiotics at all.
Whole genome breast cancer study launched by Mayo Clinic USAThe Breast Cancer Genome Guided Therapy Study (BEAUTY Project) will help physicians tailor chemotherapy to breast cancer patients based on their individual genomes and the genomes of their tumors.
Genetic changes in 3 genes linked to autism spectrum disordersMutations in three new genes have been linked to autism, according to new studies including one with investigators at Mount Sinai School of Medicine. All three studies include lead investigators of the Autism Sequencing Consortium (ASC).
Sleep gets better with age, better sleep in olderAging does not appear to be a factor in poor sleep, a new survey of more than 150,000 Americans shows. In fact, subjective sleep quality seems to improve over a lifetime, with the fewest complaints coming from people in their 80s.
Bexarotene cancer drug may reverse Alzheimer's symptomsNeuroscientists at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine have made a dramatic breakthrough in their efforts to find a cure for Alzheimer's disease. The research shows that use of a drug in mice appears to quickly reverse the pathological, cognitive and memory deficits caused by the onset of Alzheimer's.
Heartburn and acid reflex medicines increase hip fracture riskPost-menopausal women are 35% more likely to suffer hip fracture if they take indigestion drugs, known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), a figure which increases to 50% if they are also current or former smokers.
Anticoagulant Dabigatran linked to heart attack or MIThe anticoagulant dabigatran is associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction (heart attack) or acute coronary syndrome in a broad spectrum of patients when tested against some other medicines.
Cancer screening guideline process revised by American Cancer SocietyThe American Cancer Society has revised its guideline formation process to achieve greater transparency, consistency, and rigor in creating guidance about cancer screening. The new methods align with new principles from the Institutes of Medicine (IOM).
Brain cell channel defect may cause autism like syndromeWhat goes wrong in the brain when an individual suffers from autism. Autism is a spectrum of developmental disorders of impaired social and verbal interaction. Currently, no medication exists to treat its underlying causes, according to the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
1 in 5 Americans has hearing loss, US20% of Americans over the age of 12 experience hearing loss in at least one ear. Nearly a fifth of all Americans 12 years or older have hearing loss so severe that it may make communication difficult, according to a new study led by Johns Hopkins researchers and published in the Nov. 14 Archives of Internal Medicine.
Sugar sweetened beverages ban in schools not reducing consumption among adolescentsBanning all sugar-sweetened beverages in US schools is not associated with a reduction in overall consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, revealed by researchers in Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine.
35 new drugs approved in 2011 in USOver the past 12 months, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved 35 new medicines for patients, like two new treatments for hepatitis C; a drug for late-stage prostate cancer; the first new drug for Hodgkin's lymphoma in 30 years; and the first new drug for lupus in 50 years.
Understanding beginnings of embryonic stem cells helps predict the futureOrdinarily, embryonic stem cells exist only a day or two as they begin the formation of the embryo itself. Then they are gone. In the laboratory dish, however, they act more like perpetual stem cells – renewing themselves and exhibiting the ability to form cells of almost any type, a status called totipotency.
Dietary supplements not beneficial in older womenConsuming dietary supplements, including multivitamins, folic acid, iron and copper, among others, appears to be associated with an increased risk of death in older women, revealed by researchers.
Overweight or obese kids at greater risk of high blood pressureOverweight or obese children are at three times greater risk for high blood pressure than children of normal weight, according to researchers from the Regenstrief Institute and Indiana University School of Medicine.
Medicare patients lead to long term institutionalization in a nursing homeConfirming many elderly patients' worst fears, a national study has shown that being hospitalized for an acute event, such as a stroke or hip fracture, can lead to long-term institutionalization in a nursing home.
Facebook may reveal problem drinking among college studentsSocial media websites, such as Facebook and MySpace, may reveal information that could identify underage college students who may be at risk for problem drinking. The new study published by Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine.
Stroke clinical trial finds intensive medical treatment better than brain stentPatients at a high risk for a second stroke who received intensive medical treatment had fewer strokes and deaths than patients who received a brain stent in addition to the medical treatment, a large nationwide clinical trial has shown.
Mild memory loss and thinking problems may impact life expectancyCognitive impairment, especially at the moderate to severe stages has an impact on life expectancy similar to chronic conditions such as diabetes or chronic heart failure, revealed by Regenstrief Institute and Indiana University researchers in a study "Cognitive Impairment: An Independent Predictor of Excess Mortality. A Cohort Study" published in Annals of Internal Medicine.
Reducing drug funding to Medicare patients raises questionsThe lack of financial assistance to cover the cost of drugs to Medicare beneficiaries could result in an additional 18,000 patients discontinuing one or more prescriptions for essential drugs a year and others to not take their required medications regularly.
Odds for detecting HIV varies by methodThe odds for effectively detecting HIV in African-American men vary by method, researchers have found in a recent study, which appears in the Annals of Behavioral Medicine.
Soy isoflavone tablets not reducing bone loss or menopausal symptomsSoy isoflavone tablets do not appear to reduce bone loss or menopausal symptoms in women within the first five years of menopause, revealed by researchers recently in a study reported in Archives of Internal Medicine.
Allergan's BOTOX will be available in European Countries for Urinary IncontinenceAllergan is pleased to announce that BOTOX (botulinum toxin type A) has received a positive opinion from the Irish Medicines Board for the management of urinary incontinence in adults with neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) resulting from neurogenic bladder due to stable sub-cervical spinal cord injury, or multiple sclerosis.
Weight loss increases libido in obeseModest weight loss and diet of high nutritional quality improves erectile function, sexual desire and lowers urinary tract symptoms in obese men with type 2 diabetes. This is evidenced in a new study.
Obesity counseling should focus on neurobehavioral processesCurrent approaches to dietary counseling for obesity are heavily rooted in the notion of personal choice and will power – the ability to choose healthy foods and portion sizes consistent with weight loss while foregoing sweets and comfort foods. According to preventive medicine and behavioral experts at Rush University Medical Center, research supports a new counseling approach that views obesity as a result of neurobehavioral processes - ways in which the brain controls eating behavior in response to cues in the environment.
Immigrant and refugee health guidelines for physiciansThe largest, most comprehensive evidence-based guidelines to immigrant health - designed to help Canadian physicians meet the unique needs of this group - are being published in CMAJ (Canadian Medical Association Journal).
Massage therapy helps ease chronic low back painThe hour-long massage treatments (structural and relaxation massage) help people with back pain to function even after six months, reported in a new research. People who have persistent back pain may want to consider massage as an option.
20% reduction in lung cancer mortality with low dose CT vs chest X rayScientists have found a 20 percent reduction in deaths from lung cancer among current or former heavy smokers who were screened with low-dose helical computed tomography (CT) versus those screened by chest X-ray. The primary research results from the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) were published in the New England Journal of Medicine.
Facial wrinkles may predict bone density in early menopauseIn postmenopausal women the appearance of the skin may offer a glimpse of the skeletal well-being, a relationship not previously described, said Lubna Pal, MD, a reproductive endocrinologist and associate professor at Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn. The worse a woman's skin wrinkles are during the first few years of menopause, the lower her bone density is.
Supportive of intent of ACO proposed rule, ACP expresses concernIn a 10-page letter addressed to Donald Berwick, administrator of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, ACP today said: The ACP strongly supports the intent of the proposed rule, and believes that an ACO model has the potential of supporting such important care delivery goals as enhancing quality, efficiency, integration, and patient-centeredness.
Tai chi helps improve mental health and prevent falls in elderlyT'ai chi has particular health benefits for older people, including helping to prevent falls and improving mental wellbeing, reveals a review published ahead of print in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.
A pre existing malaria infection can prevent a second infectionA team of researchers have found that pre-existing malaria prevents secondary infection by another Plasmodium strain, the parasite responsible for malaria, by restricting iron availability in the liver of the host.
Antiretrovirals significantly reduces HIV transmission to partnersMen and women infected with HIV reduced the risk of transmitting the virus to their sexual partners by taking oral antiretroviral medicines when their immune systems were relatively healthy, according to findings from a large-scale clinical study.
15 eggs needed to achieve a live birth after IVFAn analysis of over 400,000 IVF cycles in the UK has shown that doctors should aim to retrieve around 15 eggs from a woman's ovaries in a single cycle in order to have the best chance of achieving a live birth after assisted reproduction technology.
1 year well baby check up approach - catching signs of autism earlyA novel strategy developed by autism researchers at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, called "The One-Year Well-Baby Check Up Approach," shows promise as a simple way for physicians to detect cases of Autism Syndrome Disorder (ASD), language or developmental delays in babies at an early age.
Medical complicity in torture at Guantánamo BayInspection of medical records, case files, and legal affidavits provides compelling evidence that medical personnel who treated detainees at Guantánamo Bay (GTMO) failed to inquire and/or document causes of physical injuries and psychological symptoms they observed in the detainees, according to a paper published this week in PLoS Medicine.
HIV infection may be a risk factor for heart failurePatients with HIV infection without a prior history of coronary heart disease may be at a higher risk of developing heart failure, according to a report in the Archives of Internal Medicine.
Changes in medical students' views about internal medicine careersCompared with 1990, more medical students in 2007 viewed internal medicine as a potentially meaningful career; however, the majority of students are choosing other specialties.
Diet may reverse kidney failure in people with diabetesResearchers from Mount Sinai School of Medicine have for the first time determined that the ketogenic diet, a specialized high-fat, low carbohydrate diet, may reverse impaired kidney function in people with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.
Nanomedicine closer to reality, StanfordA class of engineered nanoparticles -- gold-centered spheres smaller than viruses -- has been shown safe when administered by two alternative routes in a mouse study led by investigators at the Stanford University School of Medicine.
New GM-SCF therapy to defeating flu shows promiseNew research on mice has shown that pulmonary administration of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) significantly reduces flu symptoms and prevents death after a lethal dose influenza virus.
Breast cancer survivors at higher risk for fracturesThe combined effects of chemotherapy and endocrine therapy may increase the risk of bone fractures in breast cancer survivors, revealed by researchers in a study.
HIV rates declined in Zimbabwe driven by fear of infectionThe big drop in the numbers of people infected with HIV in Zimbabwe is because of mass social change, driven by fear of infection, according to an international study reported in the journal PLoS Medicine.
Vitamin D deficiency reduces lung growth and lung functionVitamin D deficiency is linked to deficits in lung function and altered lung structure. Examinations of specific tissue responses revealed model mice had reduced lung function.
Clostridium infection increasing hospitalized childrenHospitalized children in the United States are more frequently becoming infected with the bacteria Clostridium difficile. A report about this study will appear in the May print issue of Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine.
Private room intensive care units associated with lower infection ratesConverting hospital intensive care units (ICUs) to private rooms is associated with a reduction in the rate at which patients acquire infections, according to a report in the January 10 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
Parents favor genetic testing for melanoma in their childrenThe vast majority of parents who tested positive for a genetic mutation that increases the risk of melanoma (the most serious form of skin cancer) support genetic testing of their children or grandchildren. Results of the two-year study at Huntsman Cancer Institute (HCI) at the University of Utah (U of U) appear in the December issue of the journal Genetics in Medicine. The data could lead to the establishment of formal, evidence-based guidelines for genetic testing of people younger than 18 years.
HIV screening cost effective in reducing spread of AIDSAn expanded U.S. program of HIV screening and treatment could prevent as many as 212,000 new infections over the next 20 years and prove to be very cost-effective, according to a new study by Stanford University School of Medicine researchers.
Rheumatoid arthritis increases heart attack risk 60%The risk of having a heart attack is 60 per cent higher just a year after a patient has been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, according to research published in the December issue of the Journal of Internal Medicine.
Warning Letters to caffeinated alcoholic beverages, USThe U.S. Food and Drug Administration warned four companies that the caffeine added to their malt alcoholic beverages is an "unsafe food additive" and said that further action, including seizure of their products, is possible under federal law.
Homeopathy consultations can benefit arthritis patientsIn a study published in the journal Rheumatology, researchers found that arthritis patients significantly benefited when they received homeopathy alongside conventional treatment over a period of 6 months.
19th AHML Congress International Homoeopathic Conference IndiaAsian Homoeopathic Medical League is organising 19th International Homeopathic Congress 2010 (AHML Congress 2010) in New Delhi, India. "The conference will be inaugarated by the Health Minister Dr Kiran Walia today" told Dr Anil Singhal.
High calorie beverages widely available in US schoolsHigh-calorie beverages not allowed by US National Guidelines are still available in a majority of U.S. elementary schools. A report is published in Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine.
Exercise reduces frequency and severity of coldsPeople who are physically fit and active have fewer and milder colds, indicates research published online in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.
Genetic patterns may predict osteoarthritisScientists from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine and Interleukin Genetics, Inc. announced findings from a large clinical study to evaluate the role played by genetic factors in the worsening of osteoarthritis.
Preventive cancer surgeries save women's livesA new study underscores the importance for women with a family history of breast or ovarian cancer to get genetic counseling and testing for the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes that make them more likely to develop lethal breast or ovarian cancer, says a Northwestern Medicine oncologist.
Breastfeeding lowers type 2 diabetes risk in womenMothers who did not breastfeed their children have significantly higher rates of type 2 diabetes later in life than moms who breastfed, report University of Pittsburgh researchers in a study published in the September issue of the American Journal of Medicine.
19th Asian Homoeopathic Medical League Congress in IndiaAsian Homoeopathic Medical League is organising 19th International Homeopathic Congress 2010 (AHML Congress 2010) in New Delhi, India.
Tai Chi may reduce fibromyalgia symptomsFibromyalgia sufferers may find relief from the chronic pain condition by doing tai chi, revealed by researchers in the New England Journal of Medicine.
Cancer risk found for long-term hormone therapyUsing postmenopausal hormone therapy for more than 15 years increases a woman's risk of developing breast cancer, particularly among leaner women according to research at the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (USC).
Molecular mechanism triggering Parkinson's disease identifiedScientists at the Stanford University School of Medicine have identified a molecular pathway responsible for the death of key nerve cells whose loss causes Parkinson's disease. This discovery not only may explain how a genetic mutation linked to Parkinson's causes the cells' death, but could also open the door to new therapeutic approaches for the malady.
Sensor in insulin pump results in better blood sugar control in diabetes patientsAdding a continuous blood sugar level sensor to an insulin pump helps patients with type 1 diabetes achieve better blood sugar control compared to the common standard of care, multiple daily insulin injections, concludes a study published on-line today in the New England Journal of Medicine.
Cancer risks in blood pressure medicinesUniversity Hospitals Case Medical Center cardiologists have uncovered new research showing an increased risk of cancer with a group of blood pressure medications known as angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs).
New PSA test predicts if prostate cancer will returnNew research from Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the University International Institute for Nanotechnology shows that an ultrasensitive PSA test using nanoparticle-based technology (VeriSens™ PSA, Nanosphere, Inc., research-use-only) may be able to definitively predict after surgery if the cancer is cured long term or if it will recur.
Acupuncture's molecular effects pinned downScientists have taken another important step toward understanding just how sticking needles into the body can ease pain. In a paper published online May_30 in Nature Neuroscience, a team at the University of Rochester Medical Center identifies the molecule adenosine as a central player in parlaying some of the effects of acupuncture in the body.
Protein regulates enzyme linked to Alzheimer's diseaseResearchers at Tufts University School of Medicine have zeroed in on a protein that may play a role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. The team found that increasing levels of the protein (called GGA3) prevented the accumulation of an enzyme linked to Alzheimer's.
Universal influenza vaccine possible in futureResearchers at Mount Sinai School of Medicine have developed a new influenza vaccine that brings science one step closer to a universal influenza vaccine that would eliminate the need for seasonal flu shots.
Education of clinicians improves prescribing for high blood pressure patientsAcademic detailing-a method involving face-to-face education of clinicians by investigators trained to present trial findings and guidelines-may have been associated with a small change in prescribing patterns for patients with high blood pressure, according to a report in the May 24 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
Symptom patterns differ between pandemic, seasonal flu in SingaporeIn a tropical environment, influenza A(H1N1) appeared milder than seasonal flu, was less likely to cause fever and upset stomach and more likely to infect younger individuals, according to a report in the May 24 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
H1N1 may cause serious health risks for pregnant womenPregnant women who contract the H1N1 flu strain are at risk for obstetrical complications including fetal distress, premature delivery, emergency cesarean delivery and fetal death, according to a report in the May 24 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
Beta blockers may benefit COPD lung diseasePatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may have fewer respiratory flare-ups and longer survival if they take beta-blocker medications, according to a report in the May 24 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
New drug improves symptoms in autism disorderResearchers from Mount Sinai School of Medicine have identified a drug that improves communication between nerve cells in a mouse model of Phelan McDermid Syndrome (PMS). Behavioral symptoms of PMS fall under the autism spectrum disorder category.
Abdominal fat at middle age linked to dementiaResearchers from Boston University School of Medicine determined that excess abdominal fat places otherwise healthy, middle-aged people at risk for dementia later in life. Preliminary findings suggest a relationship between obesity and dementia that could lead to promising prevention strategies in the future.
Obesity remains an economic issue in USEnsuring access to healthy, affordable foods is a top priority in tackling the obesity epidemic in the United States. Over the course of the last six months, the Institute of Medicine, United States Department of Agriculture, The White House and First Lady Michelle Obama have taken an interest in improving access to affordable and nutritious foods.
Pesticides, chemicals, vitamin E linked to diabetesResearchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine suggests that one should begin looking suspiciously at other aspects of life - like past exposure to certain pesticides or chemicals and even one form of vitamin E. This may lead to diabetes.
Eating nuts improve blood cholesterol levelsConsuming more nuts appears to be associated with improvements in blood cholesterol levels, according to a pooled analysis of data from 25 trials reported in the May 10 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
Ulcer medicines may lead to infections and fracturesProton pump inhibitors, medications that suppress acid in the stomach, appear to be associated with fractures in postmenopausal women and bacterial infections in many patients, and higher doses do not appear any more beneficial for treating bleeding ulcers.
Air pollution exposure at schools linked to childhood asthmaLiving near major highways has been linked to childhood asthma, but a new study led by researchers at the Keck School of Medicine of USC suggests that traffic-related pollution near schools is also contributing to the development of asthma in children.
Eating disorder cutoffs miss some of sickest patientsDiagnostic cutoffs for anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa may be too strict, a study from the Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital has found.
Adolescent drinking adds to risk of breast disease breast cancerGirls and young women who drink alcohol increase their risk of benign (noncancerous) breast disease, says a study by researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and Harvard University.
Gene biomarker to identify smokers for lung cancer riskResearchers from Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) in collaboration with investigators at the University of Utah, have discovered a new approach for identifying smokers at the highest risk for developing lung cancer.
Curcumin in turmeric may delay liver damage, cirrhosisCurcumin, one of the principal components of the Indian spice turmeric, seems to delay the liver damage that eventually causes cirrhosis, suggests preliminary experimental research in the journal Gut.
Noscapine may reduce tumor growth in prostate cancer patientsNoscapine, cough medicine ingredient, can be used as a prophylactic treatment for prostate cancer. The new study shows that noscapine inhibited tumor growth in mice and also limited the spread of tumors without causing any side effects.
Sepsis and pneumonia cost $ 8.1 billion to treatTwo common conditions caused by hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) killed 48,000 people and ramped up health care costs by $8.1 billion in 2006 alone, according to a study released in the Archives of Internal Medicine.
Acupuncture lessens depression symptoms during pregnancyAcupuncture appears to be an effective way to reduce depression symptoms during pregnancy, according to a first-of-its-kind study from Stanford University School of Medicine researchers.
Creating personalized biomarkers from tumor DNA to treat cancerResearchers have developed a new technique for tracking cancer by identifying personalized biomarkers from tumor DNA, reports a new study in the 24 February 2010 issue of the journal Science Translational Medicine, published by AAAS, the nonprofit science society.
Sleep apnea OSA decreases frequency of nightmare recallPatients with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) report a significantly lower frequency of nightmares than patients with mild or no sleep apnea, indicating that OSA suppresses the cognitive experience of nightmare recall.
Sleepiness raises motor vehicle accidents in studentsSleepiness at the wheel and poor sleep quality significantly increase the risk of motor vehicle accidents in adolescents, revealed in a study in the Feb. 15 issue of the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine.
125.2 million pregnant women at risk of malariaResearch published this week in PLoS Medicine concludes that at least 125.2 million women at risk of malaria become pregnant each year.
Birth weights in US have declinedBirth weights in US have declined during the past 15 years, revealed by researchers at the Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute's Department of Population Medicine.
Do not rely upon kitchen spoons when measuring liquid medicineA new research led by Dr. Brian Wansink, director of the Cornell Food and Brand Lab, shows we should not rely upon kitchen spoons when measuring liquid medicine. The study shows we pour too little or too much medicine, depending on spoon size.
Leprosy susceptibility genes reported in a genome studyIn the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) of leprosy and the largest GWAS on an infectious disease, scientists at the Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS) and 26 institutes in China identified seven genes that increase an individual's susceptibility to leprosy.
High leptin levels may protect against Alzheimer's disease, dementiaResearchers from Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) have found that higher leptin (a protein that controls weight and appetite) levels were associated with a lower incidence of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and dementia.
Drinking coffee or tea reduces diabetes riskDrinking more coffee (regular or decaffeinated) or tea appears to lower the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, according to an analysis of previous studies reported in the December 14/28 issue of Archives of Internal Medicine, JAMA.
Obesity in US population, more are overweightIf obesity trends continue, the negative effect on the health of the U.S. population will overtake the benefits gained from declining smoking rates, according to a study by U-M and Harvard researchers published in the New England Journal of Medicine.
Cancer mortality declined in EuropeNew figures on deaths from cancer in Europe show a steady decline in mortality between the periods 1990-1994 and 2000-2004. Deaths from all cancers in the European Union (EU) between these two periods fell by nine percent in men and eight percent in women, with a large drop among the middle-aged population.
Ghrelin can slow Parkinson's diseaseStomach hormone - Ghrelin - may be used to boost resistance to, or slow, the development of Parkinson's disease, Yale School of Medicine researchers report in a study published in the Journal of Neuroscience.
Vioxx trial data shows early heart riskUS researchers revealed that the heart complications after taking Vioxx, the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (rofecoxib), could have been identified nearly four years before its manufacturer Merck pulled the drug from the market.
Germs on skin are good for usOn the skin's surface, bacteria are abundant, diverse and constant, but inflammation is undesirable. Research at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine now shows that the normal bacteria living on the skin surface trigger a pathway that prevents excessive inflammation after injury.
New Down syndrome treatment suggested by US researchersFindings from the Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital shed light on the neural basis of memory defects in Down syndrome and suggest a new strategy for treating the defects with medication.
100 Medicine articles listed above.